Guidelines for Authors, Reviewers and Editors

Every manuscript must strictly follow APA guidelines. Use Time New Romans Font style and size of 12. This includes citation and referencing sections. The manuscript should be single spaced with up to 15 pages including references with not more than 7,000 words under the following order:

  1. Title of the manuscript.
  2. Name of author(s) with their qualifications (First name, Middle Name and then Sir Name, Position (For Example, Prof. Michael Kuboja, PhD., DVC Academics, University of Arusha, Tanzania).
  3. Orcid Link for each author. It can be obtained through a free registration from the following link: https://orcid.org/ (For example, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-6496). 
  4. Department (For example, Department of Curriculum and Teaching
  5. Institutional affiliation (For example, University of Malawi).
  6. Email Address for each author and telephone number for the corresponding author.
  7. Abstract of not more than 250 words: This section should begin with a general statement explaining the purpose of the study, locality, methodology, population and sampling, instruments used for data analysis, validity and reliability, ethical considerations, key findings and recommendations. 
  8. Keywords: Between four and six which will help readers to search the material. 
  9. Introduction: The author is expected to give a strong background of the study with preliminary literature review from global to local perspective. Study gap and justification of the study must be indicated.
  10. Related Literature and Studies from global to local perspective.
  11. Methodology: This section should include research design/ approach, population and sampling techniques, instruments used, validity and reliability and statistical treatment of data.
  12. Results and Discussion: This section must address research questions that guided the study. Results should be supported by tables in APA format (See Appendix A).
  13. Conclusions and Recommendations: Each research question must have its respective conclusion and recommendation.
  14. References: This section must follow the APA Guideline 7th Edition (See Appendix B and C).

APPENDICES

(A) SAMPLE OF TABLES IN APA FORMAT

Tables should be drawn from automatic insertion in Microsoft word and then lines within the table should be deleted as appears in Table 1:

(B) CITATIONS

  • Authors should ensure that all factual/ borrowed ideas from other authors are properly cited and referenced. All in-text citations must have a corresponding entry in the reference and all sources in the reference must have a corresponding in-text citation.
  • Plagiarism cannot be entertained and may lead to rejection of the manuscript. EJESS uses Turnitin’s iThenticate software to detect plagiarism before a manuscript is accepted for inclusion. Documents are uploaded to check against a database of millions of others published scholarly articles, books, conference papers, dissertations other academic content, and billions of web pages to ensure its originality.
  • As a guide, a returned percentage of below 30% would probably indicate that plagiarism has not occurred. However, if the 30% of matching text is one continuous block, this could still be considered plagiarism.
  • A variety of approaches should be used. For example;
    • a. According to Ndiku, Ngussa and Mbuti (2018), research and innovation are key factors for sustainable development.
    • b. Ndiku, Ngussa and Mbuti (2018) argue/ maintain, postulate/ recommend that research and innovation are key factors for sustainable development.
    • c. Research and innovation are key factors for sustainable development (Ndiku, Ngussa and Mbuti, 2018).

How to cite and reference

APA 7th edition uses author-date in-text citations. There are two types of in-text citations: First, the author prominent citation. This is where the author’s name forms part of the sentence. For example, Ngussa (2022) argued that population manipulation has detrimental effects. The second is information prominent citation. This is where the citation highlights the information being conveyed and cites the author’s name, typically at the end of the sentence. For example, population manipulation has detrimental effects (Ngussa, 2022).

  • Citation should strictly use the last name (s) of author(s). Do not insert middle or first name in citations.
  • For two authors, both authors’ last names are listed before the year of publication. For example, Ngussa and Nzumbi (2022) argued that population manipulation has detrimental effects (author prominent) or population manipulation has detrimental effects (Ngussa & 9 Nzumbi, 2022) (information prominent) NOTE: The use of and is for author prominent while the use of & is for information prominent.
  • For three or more authors, cite the first author only and insert et al. to stand for subsequent authors’ names. Make sure that the et al. has a full stop at the end. For example, Ngussa, et al. (2022) argued that population manipulation has detrimental effects (author prominent) or population manipulation has detrimental effects (Ngussa, et al., 2022) (information prominent). NOTE: The et al in the information prominent option, the et al must be followed by a comma, after the full stop.
  • For corporate or group author, use the following rules: If the organization is recognized by an abbreviation, include it the first time you cite that organization. For example, World Health Organization WHO argued that population manipulation has detrimental effects (author prominent) or population manipulation has detrimental effects (World Health Organization [WHO], 2022) (information prominent). NOTE: [WHO] is in square brackets for the first in-text citation. In subsequent mention, use the normal brackets (WHO). If the abbreviation is not well known, give the full name every time.
  • For two or more citations within a parenthesis, cite them in an alphabetical order, and not date order and separate each citation with a semicolon. For example, Ngussa (2022); Nzumbi (2021) and Welwel and Benjamin (2020).
  • DIRECT QUOTATION: In direct quotations, the page number must be included. For example, Ngussa and Nzumbi (2022, p. 113) argued that “population manipulation has detrimental effects” (author prominent) or “population manipulation has detrimental effects” (Ngussa & Nzumbi, 2022, p. 113) (information prominent)
  • Exception: If two or more references have the same first author and year of publication, then include as many subsequent author’s last names as necessary to clearly identify the source, followed by a comma, “et al.” and the year of publication.

REFERENCES

  • References must be arranged alphabetically by the first author’s name. for author’s first names, use initials only.
  • If there is no author specified, use the organization name as the author e.g. see Organizational Management Team, 2022).
  • If there is no date of publication, use (n.d) for no date.
  • For multiple authors, separate each by a comma with “&” between the last two authors. However, when there are 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ last names with a comma after each, then three ellipsis points (…), followed by the last author’s name. Do not include & before the last name.
  • The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) must be included in the reference, if available.

(C) SAMPLE OF REFERENCES

BOOK

Creswell, J. W. & Maenga, W. T. (2008). Management. (3 rd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Emayakre, N. N. (2021).Using transitivity Analysis to Reveal the Nature of Characters in Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences 2(4), 146-150. Doi: https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i04.0139 .

THESIS/ DISSERTATION

Aroni, M. A. (2003). Perceptions on social education and ethics and Christian religious studies in Kenya: A study of secondary schools in Kiambaa Division. Master of Education Unpublished Thesis, University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, Kenya.