Learning through Translanguaging under Official Prohibition: Evidence from Standard One Classrooms in Rungwe District, Tanzania
Authors: Harid Mwambula (Tanzania Institute of Accountancy) and Dunlop Ochieng (The Open University of Tanzania) Abstract: Tanzania’s policies related to language marginalize nearly 150 Ethnic Community Languages (ECLs) by excluding them from official domains, including formal education, while privileging Kiswahili as the sole nationally sanctioned language in primary education. Despite the rejection, the excluded ethnic […]