Author: Mgaza Somo Muya (Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Tanzania)
Abstract: This study synthesized findings from 128 empirical mixed methods studies published between 2000 and A structured coding scheme was employed to extract data on integration features, reported difficulties, mitigation strategies and indicators of methodological success. Results indicate that a significant majority of studies (82%) reported at least one major integration challenge, with paradigmatic tensions (63%) and logistical constraints (58%) being the most prevalent. However, the implementation of specific, deliberate integration strategies was strongly associated with higher perceived study quality. The use of joint displays (Cohen’s d = 0.71), the formulation of explicit meta-inferences (Cohen’s d = 0.65) and the adoption of iterative, interactive team processes (Cohen’s d = 0.59) emerged as particularly effective practices. There is a debate and controversy among scholars and researchers about the assumption that data from these differing worldviews can be seamlessly merged. One of the primary disadvantages of MMR is the complexity involved in designing and implementing research. Since MMR integrates two distinct research paradigms (qualitative and quantitative), researchers need to carefully plan how the methods will complement each other while addressing research questions. This approach requires a clear understanding of both methodologies and the ability to integrate them meaningfully. In this perspective, academic institutions should prioritize and strengthen methodological training that emphasizes not only the “how” but also the “why” and “for what purpose” of method integration. Through such an approach, MMR will not only answer research questions but also contribute to the development of critical, analytical and sustainable knowledge.